Xylitol is a common toxin that many people are not aware of. Xylitol is a common sugar substitute/flavoring compound in some diabetic foods, gum, toothpaste, medications, and baked goods. In humans it is non-toxic, but in dogs, small amounts can be lethal. Once a dog ingests a product containing xylitol, severe, life-threatening hypoglycemia and liver failure often occurs. Xylitol works by causing a massive insulin release leading to hypoglycemia in the dog, in addition to damaging the liver. Low blood glucose can start as early as 30 minutes after ingestion and liver failure 12-72 hours after ingestion. Signs of low blood sugar are stumbling, lethargy, seizures and coma, depending on how low and how long. Aggressive hospital support is needed for dogs with xylitol ingestion for several days to monitor blood glucose and liver blood values. Despite the most heroic of efforts, many of these dogs do not live. One piece of chewing gum can lead to severe toxicity for some dogs. It is important to attempt to prevent exposure. Read labels closely and place things such as toothpaste, sugar-free jams and puddings in cabinets away where dogs cannot get to them. There are even some over-the-counter medications such as vitamins and probiotics that contain xylitol. If your dog is suspected of ingesting a product containing xylitol, seek veterinary attention immediately and try to bring the package with you.
- Ashly LaRoche, DVM
- Ashly LaRoche, DVM